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Cause of knee joint replacement surgery

The most common cause of chronic knee pain and knee replacement is arthritis or joint swelling. Different types of arthritis include:
  • Joint Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a type of age-related arthritis that usually occurs in people over the age of 50, but may also occur in younger people. In osteoarthritis of the joints, the cartilage gradually disappears and the cartilaginous bones rub against each other, causing stiffness and severe pain in the knee.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: In this type of arthritis, the membrane around the joint becomes inflamed and thick, causing joint loss, pain and stiffness.
  • Post-traumatic arthritis: This type of arthritis is caused by severe knee injuries.

Knee joint replacement

Knee Joint Replacement Surgery

Knee joint replacement surgery usually takes 2 hours. Prior to surgery, the patient undergoes general anesthesia or spinal (epidural) anesthesia, depending on the anesthesia team. During the surgical procedure, an incision is made in the knee. The patella of the knee is first pushed aside to access other bones.
The knee joint and damaged parts of the tibia and distal thigh (femur) are removed and these bones are carefully cut to match the new knee prosthesis. The metal components of the prosthesis are attached to the distal femur and proximal tibia, and special cement is used to fill the site.
Before the patella put in place, a plastic component is placed behind the patella to better position the bones and stabilize the prosthesis, which is also attached to the underlying bones with special cement if necessary.
Finally, after ensuring flexibility and proper bending and straightening of the knee, the incision is sutured and the knee is bandaged.